Map of the Earth at the Last Glacial Maximum, with the northern ice sheets in white

Field notes

How Refugia measures a place, where every number comes from and what the numbers cannot tell you, written out in full.

All notes

  1. Nunatak Glacier seen from 450 feet above sea level, a lantern slide from 1905

    How a report is made

    From a pin on the map to a scored, cited report: what runs, how each source is weighted and why some evidence is shown but not counted.

    Read the note9 minute read, 24 October 2026

  2. Tyndall Glacier meeting the sea, a lantern slide from 1899

    The data behind every score

    The datasets behind every score, by subject: what each one measures, how fine its grid is, its licence and its limits.

    Read the note8 minute read, 24 October 2026